postgrestest

https://pkg.go.dev/zombiezen.com/go/postgrestest

Package postgrestest provides a test harness that starts an ephemeral PostgreSQL server. It is tested on macOS, Linux, and Windows. It can cut down the overhead of PostgreSQL in tests up to 90% compared to spinning up a postgres Docker container: starting a server with this package takes roughly 650 milliseconds and creating a database takes roughly 20 milliseconds.

via this article, where the author actually uses their own fork; it's unclear to me how they differ.

The article does a good job explaining how to spin this up at the beginning of a go test run.